Murfreesboro’s Historical Legacy: From the Civil War to Today’s Vibrant City

Nashville Times Staff

Murfreesboro: A City Steeped in History

Murfreesboro, Tennessee, is a city with a rich and diverse history that spans over two centuries. Nestled in the heart of Middle Tennessee, Murfreesboro has evolved from a small frontier settlement into one of the state’s fastest-growing cities. Its historical significance, from its time as the state capital to its pivotal role in the Civil War, has shaped both the local culture and the city’s development.

The city’s journey began in 1811 when it was established as a settlement named Cannonsburgh. It was renamed in honor of Colonel Hardy Murfree, a local Revolutionary War hero, shortly thereafter. Murfreesboro quickly became an important regional center, and in 1818, it was chosen as the capital of Tennessee, a position it held until 1826, when Nashville became the permanent state capital. This early distinction helped Murfreesboro establish its place in Tennessee’s political history.

The Civil War and the Battle of Stones River

One of the most defining moments in Murfreesboro’s history occurred during the American Civil War. In December 1862, the city became the site of the Battle of Stones River, one of the most significant engagements of the war. The battle, which lasted from December 31, 1862, to January 2, 1863, resulted in heavy casualties and is considered a turning point for the Union Army in the Western Theater.

The Union victory at Stones River provided a much-needed boost to Northern morale and helped secure control of Tennessee for the Union. Today, the Stones River National Battlefield stands as a testament to this pivotal moment in history. The battlefield, now a national park, offers visitors a chance to learn about the battle, its impact, and the lives of those who fought there.

In addition to the battlefield, Fortress Rosecrans, a massive Union fortification constructed after the battle, remains one of the most notable historical sites in Murfreesboro. These sites offer valuable insights into the military strategies of the Civil War and serve as a reminder of the city’s key role during that turbulent period.

The Rise of Education and Middle Tennessee State University

Murfreesboro’s importance in Tennessee’s educational landscape began in the early 20th century. In 1911, the state established the Middle Tennessee State Normal School in Murfreesboro to train teachers. This institution was later renamed Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU) and has grown to become the largest undergraduate university in Tennessee.

The university played a central role in the city’s economic and cultural development, attracting students and faculty from across the region. Today, MTSU is known for its diverse academic offerings, including its renowned programs in aerospace, business, and the arts. The university continues to drive innovation and provides a steady source of talent and economic vitality to Murfreesboro.

The 20th and 21st Century: Rapid Growth and Expansion

Throughout the 20th century, Murfreesboro experienced gradual but steady growth. However, it wasn’t until the late 20th century and into the 21st century that the city saw significant expansion. With its proximity to Nashville and its growing role as an educational and cultural center, Murfreesboro became a hub for both residential development and commercial investment.

Between 1990 and 2010, the city’s population skyrocketed from 44,922 to 108,755, making it one of the fastest-growing cities in Tennessee. This growth was driven by an increase in both suburban migration and new businesses, creating a dynamic, thriving community.

Murfreesboro’s growth has also been supported by the development of modern infrastructure, including new roads, shopping centers, and residential areas. The city has become a sought-after destination for families, professionals, and retirees, offering a high quality of life in a historic setting.

Key Historical Landmarks in Murfreesboro

Murfreesboro is home to several significant historical landmarks that tell the story of its rich past. Visitors to the city can explore these sites to get a deeper understanding of the events and people that shaped Murfreesboro.

Stones River National Battlefield: This site preserves the battlefield of the Battle of Stones River and serves as a memorial to those who fought and died during the Civil War.
Oaklands Mansion: Built in 1815, this historic mansion now serves as a museum and provides a glimpse into 19th-century Southern life. The site also hosts events and programs throughout the year.
Bradley Academy Museum: Focused on the history of African Americans in Murfreesboro, this museum offers exhibits on local education, civil rights, and the contributions of African Americans to the city’s development.
Discovery Center at Murfree Spring: This interactive museum features exhibits on science, nature, and the environment, making it an excellent destination for families and students interested in learning about the local ecosystem.

These landmarks, among others, provide a rich tapestry of Murfreesboro’s history, from its early days as a frontier settlement to its critical role in the Civil War and its continued growth as a vibrant modern city.

Timeline of Murfreesboro’s History

1811: Murfreesboro is founded and named after Colonel Hardy Murfree.
1818–1826: Murfreesboro serves as the state capital of Tennessee.
1862–1863: The Battle of Stones River takes place, a pivotal event in the Civil War.
1911: The Middle Tennessee State Normal School is established, later becoming Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU).
1990–2010: Murfreesboro’s population grows from 44,922 to 108,755, marking the city’s rapid growth.

Murfreesboro’s Enduring Legacy

Murfreesboro’s history is a testament to the resilience and adaptability of its people. From its early days as a small settlement to its role as a major Civil War battleground, and from its educational advancements to its rapid growth in the 21st century, Murfreesboro has continually evolved while honoring its past.

Today, the city is a vibrant blend of historic charm and modern development. Whether exploring its Civil War landmarks, enjoying the educational opportunities at MTSU, or simply strolling through its charming downtown, Murfreesboro offers a rich and rewarding experience for residents and visitors alike. The city’s continued growth ensures that it will remain an integral part of Tennessee’s history and future for years to come.